finely engraved or lithographed European and American issues, titled Johnson’s China, The Chinese Empire, China, Map of the Chinese Empire, and related variants.

Seven maps of Asia and China, circa 1850–1900, European engraved or lithographed editions depicting China, Mongolia, Tibet, Manchuria, and Southeast Asia, reflecting 19th-century Western understanding of East Asian geography.

the right column inscribed “信重○兩○錢”, and bearing a small red “北總” handstamp at lower left, representing the Taipeh General Station office code (Station Classification Mark). This indicates that the item was dispatched from the Taipeh General Station to the Huwei (modern Tamsui) branch station. Issued under the Liu Ming-chuan postal system, this slip is part of the Postal Commercial Receipt series produced by the Taiwan Local Postal Administration. After the postal clerk received a letter and collected the required postage, this receipt slip was handed to the sender as proof of postage payment, serving simultaneously as both a postal receipt and certification of delivery for commercial correspondence. This system marked the first instance in Taiwan’s postal history of a dual structure combining postage receipt and accounting recordkeeping. This example was used on the 15th day of the 2nd month of Kuanghsu 20 (March 21, 1894), when mail was dispatched from the Taipeh General Station to the Huwei sub-office, during a period of active trade and postal communication in northern Taiwan’s treaty-port era. According to the Stanley Gibbons Catalogue, p.198, only about six used examples are recorded. An extremely rare and historically significant postal artifact from the Ching-era Taiwan Local Post system. Mizuhara "Huayou Jijin II" vol. 7, p.261.

printed in violet ink on imported European wove paper, depicting a crouching tiger, the emblem of the Formosan Republic, symbolizing the spirit of self-reliance and resistance in defense of the homeland. Perforated 11½, with slightly irregular edges typical of this hand-printed issue. This block originates from the corner of the sheet, and the lower-right stamp shows a distinct double impression, visible in the characters and frame lines, caused by slight movement of the plate during hand pressing, an extremely rare printing anomaly among the issues of the Taiwan Republic. Printed at Tainan in September 1895, it represents the Third Issue (Die III) of the 100 Cash value, the final postal issue before the fall of the Republic. Combining both a corner sheet position and a double-impression printing variety, this piece stands as one of the most representative and academically important rarities among the “Formosan Tiger” stamps. Mizuhara "Huayou Jijin II" vol. 7, p.276.

printed in blue ink on imported European wove paper, perforated 11½. The design features a crouching tiger, emblem of the Formosan Republic, symbolizing the spirit of courage, self-reliance, and resistance in defense of the homeland. The stamp clearly shows a double impression, visible in the overlapping frame lines and inscriptions, caused by slight movement of the plate during hand-press printing, making it a rare printing anomaly among Taiwan Republic issues. This 30 Cash value represents the lowest denomination of the Third Issue (Die III), printed at Tainan in September 1895, hand-inked and impression-pressed on European wove paper, intended for local correspondence during the Republic’s short-lived postal operation. Combining both a printing variety and genuine postal usage, this is a highly significant and rare example from the closing phase of the Taiwan Republic postal system, of great historical and philatelic importance. Mizuhara "Huayou Jijin II" vol. 7, p.273.